The Calcutta High Court has reprimanded the West Bengal government for allowing illegal encroachments on notified forest land, ordering immediate action and raising concerns about violations of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980.

Court Rebukes State Over Rampant Forest Land Encroachment

On July 11, 2025, the Calcutta High Court issued a strong rebuke to the West Bengal Government for failing to curb illegal encroachments on notified forest land located on the fringes of Kolkata.

The bench was hearing a plea filed by an environmental group that highlighted how acres of forest land are being converted into unauthorised housing and commercial complexes, often with the alleged complicity of local authorities.

State’s Argument: Political Sensitivity vs. Legal Accountability

The state government responded by stating that some of the encroachments were decades old, and evicting families could trigger social and political unrest.

However, the High Court rejected this reasoning, asserting that political sensitivity cannot be a shield for allowing new illegal constructions to continue unabated. It noted that such developments have been occurring “under the nose of local authorities”—indicating possible negligence or collusion.

Forest Conservation Act Being Violated?

The bench invoked the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, which mandates prior central government approval before any non-forest activity can be conducted on forest land.

The court demanded explanations for the flagrant violations of the Act and questioned why environmental clearance norms were being consistently ignored in the face of rampant development.

Court Orders Time-Bound Action Plan

Taking a strict stance, the court directed district officials to submit a comprehensive action plan within four weeks. It further ordered the demolition of illegal structures in phases.

The bench warned that any government official found aiding or ignoring encroachments could face contempt of court proceedings, setting a precedent for administrative accountability.

Broader Implications for Environmental Governance

This ruling carries significant implications for environmental protection across India. With rapid urbanisation pushing into protected green zones, this case serves as a reminder that development cannot come at the cost of forest conservation, wildlife habitats, and wetland ecosystems.

Environmental activists and legal experts are viewing this order as a landmark moment in the ongoing environment vs. development debate. It underscores the judiciary’s role in enforcing environmental laws when administrative systems fall short.