Introduction

Nepal’s turbulent politics reached a turning point as President Ramchandra Paudel dissolved the federal Parliament and announced general elections for 5 March 2026. The decision followed weeks of deadly youth-led protests that forced the resignation of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli. In a historic move, former Chief Justice Sushila Karki was appointed as the country’s first woman interim Prime Minister, tasked with restoring calm and steering Nepal toward elections.

Background of the Crisis

The crisis erupted after the government imposed a controversial social media ban, perceived by young Nepalis as an assault on free expression in a country already plagued by corruption, unemployment, and poor governance. Protests intensified across major cities, sparking violent clashes with security forces:

• 51 killed

• 1,300+ injured

• Government offices, police stations, and public property attacked

It became the worst unrest since Nepal’s transition to a federal democratic republic in 2008.

Resignation of Prime Minister Oli

Facing mounting criticism of authoritarianism, corruption, and mismanagement, Prime Minister Oli resigned earlier in September. His departure left a power vacuum at a time of deep mistrust in traditional political parties.

Appointment of Interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki

To stabilize governance, leaders turned to Sushila Karki, Nepal’s first woman Chief Justice (2016–2017). Known for her anti-corruption stance and independence, she became the first woman Prime Minister of Nepal. Her appointment carried symbolic weight, especially for women and youth who see her as a figure of change.

Dissolution of Parliament

On 13 September, President Paudel dissolved Parliament under constitutional powers, announcing:

• General elections on 5 March 2026

• An interim government under Karki to oversee polls

• A call for stability and peace before elections

This is being described as a democratic “reset button” for Nepal.

Life Slowly Returning to Normal

After days of curfew and violent clashes:

• Shops reopened

• Traffic resumed

• Protest barricades were cleared

But grief continued as families of victims demanded martyr status and compensation.

India’s Reaction

India welcomed Nepal’s decision, expressing:

• Hope for peace and stability

• Support for democratic processes

• Readiness to assist with transition

New Delhi’s response is significant, given its influence in Nepal and concerns about China’s role.

Challenges Facing the Interim Government

Karki’s government faces immense hurdles:

1. Restoring Public Trust amid youth disillusionment.

2. Organizing Fair Elections within six months.

3. Addressing Protester Demands for accountability, reforms, and internet freedom.

4. Managing Regional Pressures between India and China.

International Significance

• Democratic Test: Nepal’s young republic is under scrutiny.

• Regional Stability: Instability could affect India-China dynamics.

• Human Rights: Global calls for justice over protest deaths.

• UN Response: Offering assistance in monitoring elections.

Public Opinion

• Supporters: View Karki as a clean break from corrupt elites.

• Skeptics: Fear her lack of political machinery may limit effectiveness.

• Social Media: #FirstWomanPM and #JusticeForMartyrs trend, showing both hope and anger.

Analysis

The dissolution of Parliament and Karki’s appointment have calmed tensions for now. Yet, deep issues—corruption, unemployment, weak institutions—remain unresolved. Without real reforms, the March 2026 elections risk fueling another cycle of disillusionment.

Conclusion

The 13 September decisions mark a pivotal moment in Nepal’s history: Parliament dissolved, elections announced, and Sushila Karki appointed as interim Prime Minister. Symbolism has bought temporary peace, but the real test lies ahead. For Nepal’s democracy to survive, leaders must deliver not just elections, but justice, accountability, and systemic reform in the coming months.