The Supreme Court of India directs the Centre to regulate deepfake technology with stricter laws and accountability measures, marking a major step in protecting citizens’ privacy and democracy.

Deepfakes: A New Threat to Privacy and Democracy

In a significant move, the Supreme Court of India has asked the Central Government of India to frame robust legal guidelines to tackle the growing threat of deepfakes. These AI-generated videos, often used for misinformation, defamation, and harassment, are raising serious concerns about digital safety, privacy, and democratic integrity.

The Court warned that if left unregulated, deepfakes could cause irreparable damage to individual reputations and erode public trust in media and institutions.

Rise of Deepfakes: A Looming Crisis in India

India has seen a sharp rise in AI-generated content, especially deepfake videos targeting celebrities, politicians, and even ordinary citizens. Petitioners highlighted that the current Information Technology laws are insufficient to address the complexities of this new form of digital manipulation.

Experts fear that deepfakes in elections could be used to amplify fake news, manipulate public opinion, and worsen political polarisation.

Supreme Court Calls for Legal Reforms

The bench acknowledged that the current legal infrastructure is outdated in dealing with AI-based threats. The judges emphasized the need for:

• Clear rules and penalties for the creation and distribution of deepfakes

• Accountability mechanisms for individuals and platforms

• Laws that balance free speech with protection from misuse

This legal push reflects the Court’s commitment to tech accountability in the digital age.

Accountability of Social Media Platforms

The Court didn’t spare social media platforms either. It criticized major tech companies for their slow response to user complaints about deepfake content. The bench clarified that intermediary status cannot be used to escape responsibility.

Instead, platforms like Meta, YouTube, and X (formerly Twitter) must adopt advanced detection tools, quick takedown mechanisms, and align with global best practices to prevent misuse.

Government’s Response and Future Outlook

The Solicitor General of India assured the Court that the Centre is already working on new IT Rules and will soon consult stakeholders, tech experts, and civil society groups to draft effective legislation. The government also emphasized that the goal is to protect users without hindering AI innovation.

A Crucial Step Toward Digital Safety

This proactive intervention by the Supreme Court marks a turning point in India’s digital governance. As deepfakes become more realistic and accessible, strong regulatory frameworks are essential to preserve individual rights, ensure ethical AI usage, and protect the democratic process.

Whether the government’s upcoming measures strike the right balance between innovation and regulation will be closely watched.